Steel Rod

1. Round bars:
Hot rolled round bars: diameters usually range from about 5.5 mm to 600 mm or even larger.

Cold drawn/cold drawn round bars:
Diameter range is usually smaller and more precise. Commonly from about 0.5 mm (very fine wire) to 120 mm.

2. Square bars:
Side length range is similar to hot rolled round bars, commonly from about 5mm x 5mm to 200mm x 200mm or larger.

3. Hexagonal bars:
Hot rolled hexagonal bars: opposite side distance usually ranges from about 8mm to 100mm.
Cold drawn hexagonal bars: opposite side distance ranges from about 1.5mm to 80mm or even larger, with high precision, commonly used for bolt and nut blanks.

4. Flat steel
Thickness range: about 3mm to 60mm (thicker on special request).
Width range: about 10mm to 300mm or even wider (such as used as raw material for leaf springs).

Carbon and Alloy Steels:
ASTM A576 (Hot Forged Carbon Steel Bars, Minimum Tensile Strength Required)
ASTM A108 (Cold Finished Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars - Tight Dimensional Tolerances)
ASTM A311/A311M (Stress Relieved Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Bars - Minimum Mechanical Properties Required)
ASTM A304 (Alloy Steel Bars with End Hardenability Required)
ASTM A322 (Alloy Steel Bars, Standard Designations - e.g. 4140, 4340)
ASTM A434 (Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bars)

Stainless Steels: ASTM A276/A276M (Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes - General Requirements) / ASTM A479/A479M (Stainless Steel Bars for Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels)

Bearing Steels: ASTM A295 (High Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing Steels) / ASTM A534 (Carburized Anti-Friction Bearing Steels)

Tool Steels: ASTM A681 (Standard Specification for Alloy Tool Steels)

By cross-sectional shape:
Round bar: The most common type, with a circular cross-section. The diameter range is very wide (from a few millimeters to hundreds of millimeters).
Square bar: The cross-section is square.
Hexagonal bar: The cross-section is a regular hexagon, which is easy to clamp with a wrench and is often used for bolts, nuts, etc.
Flat steel: The cross-section is rectangular, and the width is much greater than the thickness.
Other special-shaped bars: Such as semi-circular bars, triangular bars, trapezoidal bars, etc., used for specific needs.

By manufacturing process:
Hot-rolled steel bars
Cold-drawn/cold-drawn steel bars
Forged steel bars

By material/grade/purpose:
Carbon structural steel bars
High-quality carbon structural steel bars
Alloy structural steel bars
Bearing steel bars
Spring steel bars
Tool steel bars
Stainless steel bars
Free-cutting steel bars

According to the surface condition:
Black bar: The surface has iron oxide scale after hot rolling.
Pickled bar: After hot rolling, the scale is removed by pickling, and the surface is relatively clean.
Skinned/polished bar: The surface defects and oxide layer are removed by turning or grinding, and the size is more accurate and the surface finish is higher.
Polished/mirror bar: It is used in occasions with extremely high requirements for surface finish (such as some molds and decorative parts)

• Building and structure: steel bars for reinforced concrete (mainly threaded steel bars, which are special-shaped bars), steel structure components (columns, beams, trusses, etc.), embedded parts, scaffolding pipes (seamless or welded pipe blanks).

• Mechanical manufacturing: core raw materials! Used to manufacture various shafts (drive shafts, spindles), gears, connecting rods, bolts, nuts, pins, keys, sleeves, hydraulic cylinder rods, guide rails, mold molds, tool holders, etc.

• Automotive industry: engine crankshafts, camshafts, connecting rods, gears, half shafts, steering rods, suspension components, standard parts, etc.

• Tools and molds: tool blanks (turning tools, drills, milling cutters), mold parts (punches, die inserts, mold cores), measuring tools (block gauges).

• Bearings: manufacture inner and outer rings and rolling elements (balls, rollers) of rolling bearings.

• Springs: raw materials for various compression springs, tension springs, and torsion springs.

• Hardware and standard parts: raw materials or finished products of screws, bolts, nuts, washers, rivets, pins, etc.

• Daily hardware and furniture: handles, hinges, brackets, tubular furniture parts, etc.

• Energy and power: power generation equipment parts, transmission tower components, fasteners.

• Rail transit: axles, wheels, connectors, rail fasteners.

• Shipbuilding: hull structural parts, shafting, rudder system, fasteners.